PBNs stands for private blog networks. This is when a site owner imports links from a network of other sites they control, usually made with expired domains.
PBN links work until they’re discovered. But they always get discovered.
They used to linger a lot longer than they do now. These days whole networks get wiped in one go, because the sites share a footprint and Google only has to find one of them.
Link networks share hosting. Registration data. Templates. Outbound link behaviour. You get one of the sites blacklisted, you’ve just gotten every link on the network blacklisted with it.
Our guide to PBN backlinks and why every SEO should stay far away dives deep on how they get detected.